{"id":1722,"date":"2022-12-07T11:06:52","date_gmt":"2022-12-07T10:06:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/?page_id=1722"},"modified":"2023-12-05T15:06:47","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T14:06:47","slug":"wood-pasture-pills","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/ro\/wood-pasture-pills\/","title":{"rendered":"Pastile p\u0103\u0219uni cu arbori"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]\u00cen aceast\u0103 sec\u021biune v\u0103 oferim infrma\u021bii scurte despre p\u0103\u0219unile cu arbori evaluate \u00een cadrul proiectului nostru. Aceste informa\u021bii con\u021bin denumirea localit\u0103\u021bii c\u0103reia \u00eei apar\u021bine p\u0103\u0219unea, precum \u0219i informa\u021bii despre ecologia, istorie, dimensiunile socio-culturale \u0219i economice ale acestor sisteme.[\/vc_column_text][vc_hoverbox image=&#8221;1678&#8243; primary_title=&#8221;P\u0103\u0219unile cu stejari b\u0103tr\u00e2ni pot ghida \u00een\u021belegerea \u0219i restaurarea habitatelor de stejar&#8221; primary_title_font_container=&#8221;color:%23ffffff&#8221; hover_title=&#8221;P\u0103\u0219unile cu stejari b\u0103tr\u00e2ni pot ghida \u00een\u021belegerea \u0219i restaurarea habitatelor de stejar&#8221; use_custom_fonts_primary_title=&#8221;true&#8221;]Restaurarea habitatelor \u00een siturile N2000 este uneori obiectiv de proiecte. \u00cen acest sens \u201erestaurarea habitatului de stejar sau gorun\u201d cel mai adesea este f\u0103cut\u0103 sub interpretare silvicultural\u0103. \u00cen timp ce planta\u021biile de stejar sunt legitime din perspectiv\u0103 economic\u0103, c\u00e2nd vorbim de restaurarea ecologic\u0103 a unui habitat pentru stejar sau restaurarea unei fizionomii ecosistemice caracteristice natural stejarului, a\u0219 sugera mai multe discu\u021bii deliberative \u0219i mult mai mult\u0103 \u00eencredere \u00een perspectivele ecologilor.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1624\" src=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"176\" srcset=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/2-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/2.jpg 418w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 235px) 100vw, 235px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Dac\u0103 dorim habitat pentru stejar sau gorun ar merita considerat\u0103 fizionomia reprezentat\u0103 de pozele al\u0103turate \u0219i nu fizionomie de p\u0103dure, interpretat\u0103 conven\u021bional. Sugerez deci pentru cei care vor restaurare realmente ecologic\u0103 a habitatului de stejar (indiferent dac\u0103 se face pentru stejar sau pentru a recrea o fizionomie de peisaj caracteristic\u0103 stejarului), g\u00e2ndi\u021bi-v\u0103 la:<\/p>\n<p>A) Dac\u0103 restaurarea se face prin plantare, pe un teren f\u0103r\u0103 vegeta\u021bie lemnoas\u0103:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>G\u00e2ndi\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 produsul final al restaur\u0103rii ecologice ar trebui s\u0103 fie un peisaj deschis, cu stejar, gorun, pres\u0103ra\u021bi, \u0219i c\u00e2teva specii de arbu\u0219ti caracteristice acestor tipuri de ecosisteme (p\u0103ducel, porumbar etc.).<\/li>\n<li>S\u0103 fie strat ierbos \u00een acel \u201ehabitat\u201d restaurat.<\/li>\n<li>Introduce\u021bi lemn mort \u00een sistem din \u00eemprejurimi.<\/li>\n<li>G\u00e2ndi\u021bi-v\u0103 de asemenea la introducerea disturban\u021belor reprezentate de erbivorele mari, la un moment dat. Acestea vor men\u021bine sistemul deschis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>B) Dac\u0103 restaurarea se face din p\u0103dure de stejar sau gorun.<\/p>\n<p>1. Stabili\u021bi densitatea arborilor \u0219i compozi\u021bia specific\u0103 a acestora pentru habitatul dorit.<\/p>\n<p>2. Dezvolta\u021bi o schem\u0103 de r\u0103rire a p\u0103durii, schem\u0103 care s\u0103 aib\u0103 diverse etape implementate \u00een timp de 7-10 ani, \u00een func\u021bie de context. Nu r\u0103ri\u021bi brusc pentru c\u0103 expunerea brusc\u0103 a arborilor maturi, b\u0103tr\u00e2ni la lumin\u0103 poate fi stresant\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>3. Ave\u021bi foarte mare grij\u0103 de arbu\u0219ti, unde exist\u0103 p\u00e2lcuri de arbu\u0219ti, men\u021bine\u021bi-le ca s\u0103 pute\u021bi lua decizii \u00een viitor legate de ele.<\/p>\n<p>4. Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi arbori b\u0103tr\u00e2ni prioritiza\u021bi restaurarea habitatelor acestora prin deschiderea treptat\u0103, nu brusc\u0103, a spa\u021biului din jurul lor.<\/p>\n<p>5. P\u0103stra\u021bi lemn mort \u00een sistem (at\u00e2t c\u0103zut la p\u0103m\u00e2nt c\u00e2t \u0219i \u201e\u00een picioare\u201d).<\/p>\n<p>6. Calcula\u021bi reintroducerea treptat\u0103 a erbivorelor mari.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen ambele cazuri, din ambele direc\u021bii (A, B) produsul final va fi ceva ce este similar cu cele prezentate \u00een poze.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_hoverbox][vc_empty_space][vc_hoverbox image=&#8221;1665&#8243; primary_title=&#8221;Bumb\u0103cari\u021ba pe p\u0103\u0219une cu arbori&#8221; primary_title_font_container=&#8221;color:%23ffffff&#8221; hover_title=&#8221;Bumb\u0103cari\u021ba pe p\u0103\u0219une cu arbori&#8221; use_custom_fonts_primary_title=&#8221;true&#8221;]Bumb\u0103cari\u021ba &#8211; Gyapj\u00fas\u00e1s &#8211; Wollgr\u00e4ser este o plant\u0103 care prefer\u0103 paji\u015ftile umede. Dac\u0103 aceast\u0103 specie este prezent\u0103, sunt foarte probabil sunt \u0219i alte delicatese vegetale prezente \u00een habitat, precum diverse specii de orhidee sau bulbucul de munte.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cen paji\u015ftile Transilvaniei existen\u0163a ierbii de bumbac depinde de cosirea tradi\u0163ional\u0103 \u015fi de p\u0103\u015funatul extensiv. Mai multe zone, precum Valea M\u0103l\u00e2ncravului, Valea Cri\u0219ului din partea central\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei, care la \u00eenceputul anilor 2000 aveau petice de bumb\u0103cari\u021b\u0103 \u00een trecut, au fost abandonate \u0219i alte plante, precum stuful, le-au invadat habitatele.<\/p>\n<p>Poza este f\u0103cut\u0103 pe o p\u0103\u0219une de l\u00e2ng\u0103 Malna\u0219 &#8211; M\u00e1ln\u00e1s, jude\u021bul Covasva. Din cele 120 de p\u0103\u0219uni cu arbori cartate pentru proiectul DBU, am identificat doar trei locuri cu mici petice de bumb\u0103cari\u021b\u0103, \u00een p\u0103r\u021bile umede, marginale ale p\u0103\u0219unilor, aproape de un p\u00e2r\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2284\" src=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild1-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild1-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild1-1320x880.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Bild1.jpg 1430w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_hoverbox][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_hoverbox image=&#8221;1662&#8243; primary_title=&#8221;Tiparele de distribu\u021bie a sterarilor b\u0103tr\u00e2ni pe p\u0103\u0219une ofer\u0103 o privire asupra istoriei peisajului&#8221; primary_title_font_container=&#8221;color:%23ffffff&#8221; hover_title=&#8221;Tiparele de distribu\u021bie a sterarilor b\u0103tr\u00e2ni pe p\u0103\u0219une ofer\u0103 o privire asupra istoriei peisajului&#8221; use_custom_fonts_primary_title=&#8221;true&#8221;]P\u0103\u0219unea cu arbori b\u0103tr\u00e2ni de la Ca\u0219ol\u021b \u2013 Kastenholz \u2013 Herm\u00e1ny, comuna Ro\u0219ia, jude\u021bul Sibiu, are<a href=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/23.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-1666\" src=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/23-300x145.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"145\" srcset=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/23-300x145.jpg 300w, https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/23.jpg 658w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> o\u00a0 distribu\u021bie interesant\u0103 a stejarilor b\u0103tr\u00e2ni. Stejari cu o circumferin\u021b\u0103 de cel pu\u021bin 400 cm sunt concentra\u021bi \u00een partea de est a p\u0103\u0219unii, spre p\u0103dure (vezi harta). \u00cen p\u0103dure, \u00eens\u0103, la distan\u021b\u0103 destul de mare de grupul de stejari b\u0103tr\u00e2ni de pe p\u0103\u0219une exist\u0103 un stejar de 734 cm grosime<a href=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1601 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1-300x173.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"358\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1.jpg 664w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px\" \/><\/a> (vezi harta ata\u0219at\u0103). Aceast\u0103 distribu\u021bie a stejarilor gro\u0219i \u2013 spre estul p\u0103\u0219unei inclusiv pe cel din p\u0103durea \u00eenalt\u0103 indic\u0103 faptul c\u0103 p\u0103\u0219unea veche a fost extins\u0103 spre est, incluz\u00e2nd por\u021biunile care acum sunt \u00eemp\u0103durite dup\u0103 abandonare (cu carpen, fag). Abandonul a avut loc probabil \u00een secven\u021be \u00een perioadele de instabilitate economic\u0103 local\u0103 din ultimele decenii. Ulterior noul sistem \u2013 p\u0103durea \u2013 a fost \u201efixat\u201d institu\u021bional \u0219i stejarii gro\u0219i mo\u0219teni\u021bi de la p\u0103\u0219unea veche, \u00eentre timp usca\u021bi sau sl\u0103bi\u021bi de p\u0103durea nou\u0103 \u2013 au fost \u00eendep\u0103rta\u021bi. Butucii stejarilor gro\u0219i din p\u0103dure, precum \u0219i acel singur arbore monumental r\u0103mas pe care \u00eel vede\u021bi pe hart\u0103 au o valoare de mo\u0219tenire (istoric, cultural, biologic). Stejarul b\u0103tr\u00e2n din p\u0103dure avea c\u00e2ndva o coroan\u0103 rotund\u0103, a\u0219a cum este caracteristic stejarilor care s-au dezvoltat \u00een habitatul lor natural, \u0219i anume pe paji\u0219te. \u00centregul peisaj surprins de harta satelit ar trebui protejat pentru descoperire (prin cercetare), pentru protec\u021bia biocultural\u0103 \u0219i istoric\u0103, precum \u0219i pentru restabilirea multifunc\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bii pentru comunitatea local\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_hoverbox][vc_empty_space][vc_hoverbox image=&#8221;1648&#8243; primary_title=&#8221;Arborii de pe p\u0103\u0219uni r\u0103spund la presiunea erbivorelor&#8221; hover_title=&#8221;Arborii de pe p\u0103\u0219uni r\u0103spund la presiunea erbivorelor&#8221; use_custom_fonts_primary_title=&#8221;true&#8221;]Erbivorele mari deseori consum\u0103 frunzele arborilor sau chiar crengile tinere ale acestora. Astfel, multe specii de arbori \u0219i arbu\u0219ti r\u0103spund adaptiv la <a href=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/32.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1652\" src=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/32-146x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"114\" height=\"234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/32-146x300.jpg 146w, https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/32.jpg 171w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 114px) 100vw, 114px\" \/><\/a>presiunea de acest gen a erbivorelor. Aceste adapt\u0103ri pot avea forme multiple \u0219i \u00een aceast\u0103 pastil\u0103 vom prezenta dou\u0103 dintre ele: diversitatea frunzelor &#8211; polimorfismul foliar (m\u0103rime, \u201eduritate\u201d) \u0219i densitatea ramurilor \u00een p\u0103r\u021bile expuse erbivorelor. Polimorfismul foliar poate fi vizibil \u0219i didactic, a\u0219a cum se arat\u0103 \u00een fotografiile exemplificate de stejarul pufos. Frunzele de la baza arborilor \u2013 expuse caprinelor \u0219i bovinelor \u2013 sunt mai mici \u0219i mai dure, \u00een timp ce ramurile sunt mai dense dec\u00e2t cele aflate la \u00een\u0103l\u021bime, unde nu ajunt erbivorele. Fenomene similare pot fi observate la al\u021bi arbori precum carpenul, jugastrul dar \u0219i arbu\u0219tii. Aceasta arat\u0103 c\u0103 arborii \u0219i arbu\u0219tii pot r\u0103spunde adaptativ la erbivore, sunt extrem de dinamici \u0219i \u201efrumuse\u021bea\u201d la arbori <a href=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/31.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1656 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/31-300x146.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"332\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/31-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/31.jpg 726w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 332px) 100vw, 332px\" \/><\/a>nu este o anumit\u0103 fizionomie idealizat\u0103, fixat\u0103 cultural. Frumuse\u021bea este \u00eentregul spectru de posibile fenotipuri \u0219i forme adaptative prin care arborii \u0219i arbu\u0219tii se pot manifesta pentru a naviga \u00een anumite contexte de mediu, cum ar fi prezen\u021ba erbivorelor.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_hoverbox][\/vc_column][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]\u00cen aceast\u0103 sec\u021biune v\u0103 oferim infrma\u021bii scurte despre p\u0103\u0219unile cu arbori evaluate \u00een cadrul proiectului nostru. Aceste informa\u021bii con\u021bin denumirea localit\u0103\u021bii c\u0103reia \u00eei apar\u021bine [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1722","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1722","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1722"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1722\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2288,"href":"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1722\/revisions\/2288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/transylvanian-wood-pastures.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1722"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}